Jingoism

Dates

1845
Foundation of the first Catholic Journeymen's Club in Elberfeld by Chaplain Adolf Kolping (1813-1865) from Kerpen

1848
Foundation of the "General German Workers' Brotherhood" in Berlin (23rd Aug./3rd Sep.)

1854
Banning of political workers' clubs, decreed by the German Bund (13th Jul.)

1863
Foundation of the "General German Workers' Club" in Leipzig (23rd May)

1868
Foundation of the "Hirsch-Dunckerschen Trade Unions" in Berlin (28th Sep.)

1869
Foundation of the "Social Democratic Workers' Party" in Eisenach by August Bebel (1840-1913) from Deutz and others. (7th -9th Aug.)

First Vatican Council in Rome: Dogma of Papal Infallibility (8th Dec.-1st Sep.1870)

1870
Foundation of the "Centre" party in Essen, with the participation of August (1808-95) and Peter Reichenspergers (1810-92) from Koblenz (June)

1871
Foundation of the German Empire (Deutsches Reich) in Versailles: King Wilhelm I of Prussia (1797 -1888) became German Kaiser (18th Jan.)

"Pulpit paragraph": restriction of the freedom of speech for employees of the church; beginning of the "Culture Clash" (10th Dec.)

1873
"Founders' Crash" and stock exchange crisis (October)

1875
Foundation of the "Socialist Workers' Party of Germany" in Gotha (22nd -27th May)

1878
"Law against Socialists": banning of socialist-communist clubs (till 30th Sep.1890) while retaining the right to vote (21st Oct.)

1881
Message of Wilhelm I.: announcement of laws to establish social insurance; came into effect from 1883-1889 (17th Nov.)

1888
"Three Kaisers Year": Crown Prince Wilhelm II of Prussia (1859-1941) German Kaiser after the deaths of Wilhelm I and Friedrich III (15th Jun.)

1889
Ruhr miners’ strike for higher wages and better working conditions; strikes in Silesia, Saxony, at the Saar (4th May-6th Jun.)

1890
Dismissal of Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) as Reich Chancellor and Prussian Prime Min-ister by Wilhelm II. (20th Mar.)

Foundation of the "Social Democratic Party of Germany" in Halle an der Saale (12th -18th Oct.)

1891
Social-encyclical "Rerum Novarum" of Pope Leo XIII. (1810-1903) (15th May)

1899
Foundation of the "Amalgamated Christian Trades Unions" in Mainz (21st -22nd May)