Industrialisation / Proletariat

Dates

1781
Operation of the first cotton-spinning machine-mill in Germany near Ratingen.

1785
Invention of the mechanical weaving loom by Edmund Cartwright (1743-1823)

1787
Installation of the first steam engine in Germany in Rotenburg an der Saale

1834
Invention of the grain harvesting machine by Cyrus Hall McCormick (1809-1884)

1835
Opening of the first German railway line from Nuremberg to Fürth (7th Dec.)

1839
Invention of the steam hammer by James Nasmyth (1808-1890)

1840
Development of artificial fertilizers by Justus Liebig (1803-1873)

1855
Invention of the Bessemer-Birne used in steel production by Henry Bessemer (1813-98)

1859
Construction of the first useable steam plough by Max Eyth (1836-1906)

1864
Invention of the Siemens-Martin furnace for producing steel by Friedrich Siemens (1826-1904) and Pierre Martin (1824-1915)

1866
Invention of the dynamo by Werner Siemens (1816-1892)

1867
Invention of steel-reinforced concrete by Joseph Monier (1823-1906)

1876
Invention of the four-stroke internal combustion engine by Nikolaus Otto (1832-1891)

Invention of the Thomas-Birne for producing steel and the extraction of phosphate fertil-izers by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas (1850-1885)

1879
Invention of the carbon filament lightbulb by Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)

First electric railway (in Berlin)

1883
Invention of the steam turbine by Carl Gustaf de Laval (1845-1913)

1885
Invention of an oblique roller procedure for the production of seamless pipes by the Rhenish brothers Reinhard (1856-1922) and Max Mannesmann (1861-1915)

Construction of the first motor vehicle by Carl Benz (1844-1929) and of the motorcycle by Gottlieb Daimler (1834-1900)

1889
Invention of the punch-card machine for programmed mass-production by Hermann Hol-lerith (1860-1929)

1893
Invention of the heavy oil combustion engine by Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913)

1912
Invention of stainless steel in the Krupp research establishments